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Buongiorno and welcome to Stefano's RomeCabs! The Jubilee Year, also known as the Holy Year, is a time of great spiritual significance for Catholics worldwide. During this special period, pilgrims flock to Rome to seek spiritual renewal, forgiveness, and blessings. Among the most profound experiences for pilgrims during the Jubilee is visiting the major churches in Rome, which have been integral to the history of Christianity for centuries. These sacred sites offer a deep connection to the faith and a richness of art, history, and architecture.
Central to this pilgrimage are the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome. This revered tradition, which began in the 16th century with St. Philip Neri, combines spiritual reflection with a communal journey through the heart of Rome’s Christian heritage.
The pilgrimage traditionally starts with the four major papal basilicas: St. Peter’s Basilica, St. John Lateran, St. Mary Major (Santa Maria Maggiore), and St. Paul Outside the Walls. Each of these basilicas is distinguished by its Holy Door, which is opened only during the Jubilee Years, offering pilgrims a powerful symbol of spiritual renewal.
In this blog we share with you the seven major pilgrim churches in Rome, offering insights into their spiritual and historical significance, and providing practical tips for visiting these holy places during the Jubilee Year 2025. Each church offers a unique opportunity for spiritual enrichment, reflecting the profound depth of the Catholic faith and the enduring legacy of early Christian saints.
But first, here is some background informaiton about the JUBILEE:
The Jubilee Year, also known as the Holy Year, is a time of immense grace, renewal, and spiritual pilgrimage in the Catholic tradition. It is marked by special events, indulgences, and pilgrimages to sacred sites, with a focus on personal and communal renewal.
The concept of the Jubilee Year has its roots in the ancient Jewish tradition, which was established in the Old Testament. However, the Christian practice of celebrating Jubilee Years was formalized by the Catholic Church much later.
Ancient Jewish Tradition: In the Old Testament, the Jubilee Year was a time of liberation and restoration, observed every 50 years. During this year, debts were forgiven, slaves were freed, and land was returned to its original owners (Leviticus 25:8-13). This tradition was a profound expression of justice and mercy.
Christian Jubilee: The Christian practice of the Jubilee Year was established by Pope Boniface VIII in 1300. The idea was to create a special year of grace and forgiveness, similar to the ancient Jewish practice, but with a focus on spiritual renewal and penance.
Pope Boniface VIII introduced the Jubilee Year to encourage the faithful to undertake a pilgrimage to Rome and seek forgiveness and spiritual renewal. It was a way to mark significant anniversaries of the Church and to offer indulgences to those who visited the holy sites in Rome, confessed their sins, and performed acts of charity.
The Jubilee Year became a major event in the Catholic Church, celebrated every 25 years or in exceptional cases, such as when a Pope declares an extraordinary Jubilee. It was intended to rejuvenate the spiritual life of the Church and to offer a period of special grace to all Catholics. The tradition has evolved over the centuries, but its core purpose remains the same: to provide an opportunity for personal and communal renewal, repentance, and deepening of faith.
For those embarking on a pilgrimage to Rome during the Jubilee Year, visiting the major churches is a profound and integral part of the experience.
Walking through the Holy Doors of these revered churches, praying at the tombs of apostles, and reflecting on the legacies of saints allow pilgrims to partake in a tradition that spans centuries. The Jubilee is not merely a time for personal spiritual renewal; it is a reminder of the universal call to holiness and the collective journey of faith that binds all believers.
Whether you are visiting Rome for the first time or returning as a seasoned pilgrim, the Jubilee Year provides a unique opportunity to deepen your faith, renew your spirit, and experience the profound beauty and spiritual significance of Rome’s major churches.
Opening of the Jubilee Year:
Closing of the Jubilee Year:
Location: Vatican City
St. Peter's Basilica stands as the largest and most iconic of Rome’s major churches, serving as the spiritual heart of the Catholic Church. Located in Vatican City, this grand basilica is built over the burial site of Saint Peter, the first pope, and functions as the principal church of the Pope. During the Jubilee Year, the basilica becomes a central pilgrimage site, with the Holy Door symbolizing the journey from sin to salvation for thousands of visitors.
St. Peter’s Basilica holds profound religious and historical significance. It was initially constructed by Emperor Constantine in the 4th century and rebuilt by Pope Julius II in the early 16th century, with the current structure showcasing the architectural genius of Michelangelo, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, and other Renaissance masters.
The basilica’s role extends beyond its architectural grandeur; it is deeply intertwined with the Catholic tradition of the Jubilee Year, a practice dating back to Pope Boniface VIII in 1300. The Holy Door, which is opened only during these special years, embodies a powerful symbol of divine mercy and the opportunity for spiritual renewal.
Michelangelo’s Pietà: One of the most celebrated sculptures globally, Michelangelo’s Pietà is housed within St. Peter’s Basilica. This masterpiece captures the Virgin Mary holding the lifeless body of Jesus, conveying a profound expression of sorrow and devotion. The sculpture invites pilgrims to engage in silent reflection, contemplating Christ’s sacrifice and the essence of Christian faith.
The Tomb of St. Peter: Situated beneath the main altar, the tomb of St. Peter is a focal point of the basilica. Visiting this sacred site offers pilgrims a tangible connection to the origins of the Church and its continuous line of papal succession. The tomb remains a powerful symbol of the Church's foundation and its enduring legacy.
The Holy Door: The Holy Door of St. Peter’s Basilica is opened only during Jubilee Years, making it a rare and significant pilgrimage destination. Passing through this door is a deeply symbolic act of faith, representing the transition from sin to grace. This tradition has been observed for centuries and remains a central element of the Jubilee celebration. The experience of walking through the Holy Door and praying at the tomb of St. Peter leaves an indelible mark on the heart of every pilgrim.
St Peter's Basilica Holy Door
During the Jubilee Year, St. Peter’s Basilica transforms into a bustling center of pilgrimage. The grandeur of the basilica, combined with the profound significance of its relics and traditions, makes it a pivotal destination for anyone undertaking a spiritual journey. Walking through the Holy Door and visiting St. Peter’s tomb provides a transformative experience, leaving an indelible mark on the hearts of pilgrims.
Location: Piazza di San Giovanni in Laterano, Rome
St. John Lateran, the cathedral of the Bishop of Rome, holds a unique and esteemed position among the major churches in Rome. Often referred to as the "Mother of all Churches", it stands as a symbol of the universal Church’s unity and history. Its deep-rooted significance in early Christian history makes it a pivotal site for pilgrims, especially during the Jubilee Year.
St. John Lateran, founded in the early 4th century by Emperor Constantine, was the first basilica built in Rome following the Edict of Milan, which granted religious tolerance to Christians. The basilica has been the official ecclesiastical seat of the Pope since the early years of the Church, making it the oldest and highest-ranking of the four major basilicas of Rome. The basilica’s long history includes hosting numerous ecumenical councils and papal ceremonies, underscoring its importance as a spiritual and administrative center of the Catholic Church.
The Holy Stairs (Scala Sancta): Adjacent to St. John Lateran, the Scala Sancta is a revered site for pilgrims. According to tradition, these steps were brought from Jerusalem to Rome by St. Helena, the mother of Emperor Constantine. They are believed to be the stairs that Jesus ascended during his trial before Pontius Pilate. During the Jubilee Year, pilgrims climb the Scala Sancta on their knees, reflecting on the Passion of Christ and seeking spiritual renewal through this ancient rite.
The Papal Throne: St. John Lateran houses the papal throne, a significant symbol of the Pope’s authority and the continuity of the Church. This throne, located in the apse of the basilica, underscores the basilica’s role as the principal church of the Pope and is a focal point for visitors and pilgrims who come to honor the papal office and its historical significance.
The Cloisters: The cloisters of St. John Lateran are renowned for their serene beauty and historical significance. These tranquil spaces offer a respite from the city’s bustle and provide pilgrims with an opportunity for quiet reflection and contemplation. The cloisters reflect the monastic tradition of prayer and silence, which has been integral to the Church’s spiritual life for centuries.
St. John Lateran Jubilee Door
A visit to St. John Lateran during the Jubilee Year is a journey into the heart of the Church’s history and spiritual heritage. As the oldest and most significant of the major churches in Rome, it provides a profound connection to the roots of Christian faith and tradition. The experience of ascending the Holy Stairs, praying before the papal throne, and finding peace in the cloisters offers pilgrims a deeply spiritual encounter with the Church's historical and theological foundations.
Location: Piazza di Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
Santa Maria Maggiore is a pivotal site for pilgrims visiting Rome, especially during the Jubilee Year. As the largest church in Rome dedicated to the Virgin Mary, it stands as one of the four major papal basilicas and one of the seven traditional pilgrimage churches of Rome. Its historical significance, exquisite mosaics, and profound Marian devotion make it an essential destination for those on a sacred journey.
Santa Maria Maggiore boasts a rich history dating back to the 5th century when it was originally built by Pope Sixtus III. The basilica’s foundation is rooted in a vision of the Virgin Mary, which led to its construction on the site of a miraculous snowfall in August. This event celebrated as the Feast of the Assumption, underscores the basilica's connection to the Marian devotion and its role in the Church's early history.
Throughout the centuries, Santa Maria Maggiore has been a significant center for Marian veneration and papal ceremonies. It has been a site of numerous ecumenical councils and has played a crucial role in the development of Christian liturgy and devotion.
The Icon of Salus Populi Romani: One of the basilica’s most cherished treasures is the Salus Populi Romani, an ancient icon of the Virgin Mary. This icon, believed to date back to the 6th century, is venerated as a symbol of the Virgin’s protection and intercession. Pilgrims flock to Santa Maria Maggiore during the Jubilee to pray before this revered image, seeking the Virgin’s blessings and guidance. Special devotions and prayers are often held in its honor, emphasizing its significance in the Jubilee Year.
The Nativity Crypt: Beneath the high altar of Santa Maria Maggiore lies the Nativity Crypt, which houses relics believed to be from the manger of Christ. This sacred site offers a tangible connection to the Nativity and the humility of Christ’s birth. During the Jubilee Year, the crypt gains heightened significance as pilgrims reflect on the Incarnation and seek a deeper connection to the mystery of Christ’s birth. The presence of these relics underscores the basilica’s role as a focal point for Christmas and Marian devotion.
The Borghese Chapel: Also known as the Pauline Chapel, the Borghese Chapel is renowned for its ornate beauty. It contains the tombs of Popes Paul V and Clement VIII, who have contributed to the basilica's rich history. The chapel also houses the Salus Populi Romani icon, making it a key site for reflection and prayer. Pilgrims often spend time in this space, contemplating the role of the Virgin Mary in the Church and seeking spiritual renewal.
Santa Maria Maggiore Jubilee Door
A visit to Santa Maria Maggiore during the Jubilee Year offers a profound opportunity to engage with Marian devotion and the rich historical tapestry of the Church. The basilica’s association with significant events in Christian history, combined with its role as a major pilgrimage site, provides a deeply meaningful experience for visitors.
Location: Via Ostiense, Rome
St. Paul Outside the Walls is one of the four major basilicas of Rome and holds the distinction of being the burial site of Saint Paul the Apostle. Situated outside the ancient city walls, its location symbolizes the expansive mission of the Church to spread the Gospel beyond traditional boundaries.
During the Jubilee Year, the basilica becomes a focal point for pilgrims seeking to honor the Apostle to the Gentiles and reflect on his pivotal role in the history of Christianity.
The Tomb of St. Paul: The basilica is built directly over the tomb of St. Paul, one of Christianity's most influential figures. Pilgrims visiting this sacred site often take time to meditate on St. Paul's transformative missionary journeys and his profound contributions to the spread of the Gospel. The Jubilee Year highlights the significance of evangelization, making a visit to St. Paul's tomb an especially poignant experience.
The Cloisters: The basilica's cloisters are renowned for their beauty and serenity. Designed in the 13th century, these cloisters provide a tranquil space for reflection and prayer, away from the bustling city. The peaceful environment is ideal for pilgrims seeking to reconnect with the contemplative aspects of their faith. During the Jubilee, the cloisters offer a moment of spiritual respite and contemplation, echoing the monastic tradition of prayer and meditation that has been a cornerstone of the Church's spiritual life.
The Portraits of the Popes: Inside the basilica, pilgrims will find a remarkable series of medallions depicting every pope from St. Peter to the present day. This gallery of portraits serves as a powerful visual reminder of the unbroken line of papal succession and the Church's continuity through the centuries. Reflecting on these portraits, pilgrims are reminded of the enduring legacy and leadership of the papacy in guiding the faithful.
The Holy Door: St. Paul Outside the Walls also features a Holy Door, which is opened only during Jubilee Years. Pilgrims passing through this door symbolize their desire to deepen their faith and seek spiritual renewal. The Holy Door represents the path of salvation and God's boundless mercy. During Jubilee celebrations, crossing this threshold offers pilgrims a unique opportunity to reflect on God's grace and forgiveness.
St. Paul Outside the Walls Santa Maria Maggiore
Visiting St. Paul Outside the Walls during the Jubilee is a deeply enriching experience. The basilica offers a unique blend of historical significance, artistic beauty, and spiritual depth. Pilgrims have the opportunity to honor the legacy of St. Paul, reflect on the Church's global mission, and draw inspiration from its rich history.
In addition to the four major papal basilicas, the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome include several other significant churches that have been recognized for their spiritual and historical importance. Each church holds a unique place in the pilgrimage tradition, offering a rich experience of Rome's religious heritage.
Location: Piazzale del Verano, Rome
St. Lawrence Outside the Walls is one of the seven pilgrimage churches in Rome and holds a special place among the major churches in Rome. Dedicated to St. Lawrence, one of the most revered martyrs of the early Church, the basilica is a testament to the enduring strength of faith in the face of persecution. During the Jubilee, pilgrims come to honor the memory of St. Lawrence and to seek his intercession.
The Tomb of St. Lawrence: The basilica houses the tomb of St. Lawrence, who was martyred during the persecution of Christians under Emperor Valerian. Pilgrims often pray at the tomb, reflecting on the courage and faith of the early martyrs. The Jubilee Year highlights the importance of the witness of the martyrs in the life of the Church.
The Relics of St. Stephen: The basilica also contains the relics of St. Stephen, the first Christian martyr. The presence of these relics makes St. Lawrence Outside the Walls a significant site for those wishing to honor the early martyrs of the Church. During the Jubilee, special prayers and devotions are often held in honor of St. Stephen and St. Lawrence.
The Catacombs: Beneath the basilica are the catacombs, where early Christians buried their dead and worshipped in secret. Pilgrims visiting the catacombs during the Jubilee can reflect on the perseverance of the early Church and the sacrifices made by those who kept the faith alive during times of persecution.
A visit to St. Lawrence Outside the Walls during the Jubilee is a journey into the early history of the Church. As one of the major churches in Rome, it offers a powerful connection to the martyrs who gave their lives for the faith. The experience of praying at the tomb of St. Lawrence and visiting the catacombs is both sobering and inspiring, reminding pilgrims of the enduring power of faith.
The Basilica of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem is a minor basilica renowned for its rich collection of relics associated with the Passion of Christ. Established in the 4th century, the basilica holds an esteemed place in Christian tradition, primarily due to its relics which were brought to Rome by Saint Helena, the mother of Emperor Constantine. The basilica’s name reflects its connection to the Holy Land, and it is a pivotal destination for pilgrims seeking a profound connection to the events of Christ’s life and Passion.
The basilica’s history is intertwined with the early Christian Church and its development. It was built on the site of a former Roman villa belonging to Saint Helena and was consecrated by Pope Sylvester I in 324 AD. The basilica’s long-standing role as a site of veneration and its connection to Saint Helena’s journey from Jerusalem to Rome underscore its significance in the Christian tradition.
Relics of the True Cross: One of the basilica's most treasured possessions is its collection of relics from the True Cross, believed to be fragments of the cross upon which Jesus was crucified. These relics were brought to Rome by Saint Helena, who is credited with discovering the True Cross in Jerusalem during the 4th century. The presence of these sacred relics provides pilgrims with a tangible link to the crucifixion and deepens their spiritual experience.
The Chapel of the Relics: Within the basilica, the Chapel of the Relics houses the most significant of these sacred objects. This chapel offers a solemn and reflective space where pilgrims can view and venerate the relics. The chapel’s ornate design and the reverence surrounding the relics create a powerful atmosphere of devotion and reflection.
The Mosaic of the Triumph of the Cross: The basilica features a stunning 5th-century mosaic that adorns the apse. This ancient artwork depicts the Triumph of the Cross, symbolizing the victory of Christ’s sacrifice over sin and death. The mosaic’s historical and artistic value adds to the basilica’s importance as a pilgrimage site, offering visitors insight into early Christian art and theology.
Visiting the Basilica of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem offers pilgrims a profound encounter with the historical and spiritual heritage of Christianity. The presence of the relics of the True Cross and the ancient mosaic of the Triumph of the Cross provides a deeply moving experience, allowing visitors to connect with the events of Christ’s Passion in a tangible and meaningful way. The basilica’s ornate interior and historical significance make it a key destination for those seeking to engage with the foundational aspects of their faith during the Jubilee Year.
Location: Via del Santuario, 20, 00178 Rome, Italy
The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Divine Love, situated on the outskirts of Rome, holds a special place in the hearts of the faithful. Originally, St. Sebastian Outside-the-Walls was one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches.
However, in the year 2000, Pope John Paul II designated this sanctuary as the new addition to the pilgrimage route, reflecting its significant role in contemporary pilgrimage traditions. The sanctuary is dedicated to Our Lady of Divine Love, a title of the Virgin Mary associated with an image believed to possess miraculous powers. The devotion to Our Lady of Divine Love has a profound impact on pilgrims seeking spiritual solace, divine intercession, and healing.
The Miraculous Image: At the heart of the sanctuary is the venerated image of Our Lady of Divine Love. This depiction of the Virgin Mary is renowned for its association with numerous miracles and divine interventions. Pilgrims come from far and wide to seek her intercession, and the image serves as a focal point for prayer and devotion.
The Original Shrine: The sanctuary includes the original shrine, which has been a site of pilgrimage since the 13th century. This historic building retains its sacred atmosphere and is a testament to the longstanding tradition of devotion to Our Lady of Divine Love. The original shrine offers a glimpse into the early history of the site and its role in the devotional life of the local community.
The Modern Church: Adjacent to the original shrine is a modern church that was constructed to accommodate the growing number of pilgrims and visitors. The contemporary design of the church complements the historic elements of the sanctuary while providing a space for reflection and worship. The juxtaposition of the old and new highlights the ongoing significance of the sanctuary in the lives of the faithful.
The Sanctuary Grounds: The sanctuary's grounds include serene gardens and pathways where visitors can meditate and reflect. These peaceful areas provide a respite from the busyness of daily life and create an environment conducive to spiritual contemplation. The natural beauty of the surroundings adds to the overall sense of tranquility and reverence.
Visiting Rome’s major churches during the Jubilee Year offers a deeply spiritual and historical experience. However, to ensure a smooth and enriching visit, here are some essential tips to keep in mind:
Prepare for Crowds: The Jubilee Year attracts numerous pilgrims and visitors to Rome's major churches, leading to significant crowds, especially during key periods. Anticipate busy conditions and plan your visit to avoid peak times when possible.
Arrive Early: To enhance your experience and minimize wait times, aim to arrive early in the morning. This strategy allows you to explore the basilica’s highlights with fewer visitors around, making your visit more serene and enjoyable.
Security Checkpoints: Be ready for extensive security checks, akin to those at airports. Security protocols include metal detectors and bag inspections. Avoid bringing large bags, sharp objects, and other restricted items to expedite your entry. Following the basilica’s security guidelines will help ensure a smooth and efficient visit.
How to Dress when visiting churches in Rome: Dress modestly to show respect for the sacred space. Ensure your clothing covers shoulders and knees, as many churches enforce a dress code. Proper attire enhances your experience and aligns with the reverence of the pilgrimage sites.
By following these tips, you can make the most of your pilgrimage to Rome’s major churches during the Jubilee Year, enjoying both their spiritual significance and historical grandeur.
Experiencing the Jubilee Year in Rome can be a deeply moving and spiritually enriching journey. However, the influx of pilgrims and tourists can lead to significant crowds at the major churches. To make the most of your pilgrimage and avoid the busiest times, consider the following tips:
Arriving at the churches as soon as they open is one of the best ways to avoid long lines and crowded spaces. Early morning visits not only offer a quieter experience but also allow you to fully appreciate the sacred sites before the influx of visitors arrives. Many churches in Rome open their doors around 7:00 AM, so plan your visit accordingly.
Choosing to travel to Rome during less busy times of the year can significantly enhance your pilgrimage experience. The period from early January until Easter, and again from late October through November, tends to see fewer tourists compared to the summer months. During these off-peak times, you can enjoy a more serene visit and spend more time in reflection and prayer without the overwhelming crowds.
During the Jubilee Year, some churches might have extended hours or special events. Check the official websites or contact the churches in advance to be aware of any changes in opening hours or special schedules. This information can help you plan your visit more effectively and avoid peak times.
To further enhance your experience and avoid the hassle of crowded public transportation, consider booking accommodation close to the churches you plan to visit most frequently. Staying nearby allows you to reach these sacred sites on foot early in the morning, bypassing potentially crowded and slow-running buses and metro systems. This not only saves you time but also provides a more leisurely and direct approach to your pilgrimage.
Securing your accommodation, transportation, and any tours well in advance is crucial, especially during the Jubilee Year when demand is high. Early bookings ensure availability and often provide better rates as prices tend to go up as the busy season progresses. Planning ahead also allows you to select accommodations and transport options that best fit your itinerary, making your pilgrimage more comfortable and efficient.
TIP: Visit St Peter's Basilica early morning just when it opens - arrive earlier for shorter security lines
The Jubilee Year is a time of grace, renewal, and pilgrimage. For those journeying to Rome, visiting the major churches is an essential part of the experience. Each church offers a unique window into the history of the Church, the lives of the saints, and the beauty of the Catholic faith.
As you walk through the Holy Doors, pray at the tombs of the apostles, and contemplate the legacy of the saints, you are joining a tradition that spans centuries. The Jubilee is not just a time of personal renewal but a reminder of the universal call to holiness that lies at the heart of the Christian faith.
Whether you are visiting Rome for the first time or returning as a seasoned pilgrim, the Jubilee offers an opportunity to deepen your faith, renew your spirit, and experience the profound beauty of the major churches in Rome.
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